How to Clean an AR-15: Essential Steps for Proper Maintenance

Keeping your AR-15 clean is key for top performance and safety. A clean rifle works better and lasts longer. Regular cleaning prevents jams, improves accuracy, and extends the life of your firearm.

Cleaning an AR-15 might seem hard at first. But with the right steps, it's easy to do at home. This guide will show you how to clean your AR-15 the right way.

Gun safety is vital when cleaning any firearm. Always make sure the AR-15 is unloaded before you start. Point it in a safe direction and keep your finger off the trigger. With these tips, you'll be ready to clean your AR-15 like a pro.

Safety Precautions and Preparing Your Workspace

Cleaning an AR-15 requires careful attention to safety and proper setup. Following key rules and creating a suitable workspace helps prevent accidents and ensures thorough cleaning.

Gun Safety Rules

Always treat the AR-15 as if it's loaded. Point the muzzle in a safe direction at all times. Keep your finger off the trigger until ready to shoot. Before cleaning, remove the magazine and check the chamber is empty.

Wear safety glasses to protect your eyes from cleaning solvents and debris. Use gloves to shield your skin from harsh chemicals. Keep cleaning supplies away from food and drinks.

Store ammunition separately from the firearm during cleaning. This prevents accidental loading. Never clean a loaded gun.

Workspace Setup

Choose a well-lit, ventilated area for cleaning. A sturdy table or bench provides a stable surface. Lay out a cleaning mat to catch small parts and protect the work area.

Gather all necessary cleaning tools before starting:

• Cleaning rod and patches
• Bore brush
• Cleaning solvent
• Lubricating oil
• Small brushes
• Clean cloths

Organize tools within easy reach. Keep a parts tray nearby for small components. Good organization speeds up the cleaning process and prevents lost parts.

Field Stripping the AR-15

Field stripping an AR-15 involves taking apart the main components for cleaning and maintenance. This process requires care and attention to detail to ensure proper disassembly and reassembly.

Removing the Magazine and Ensuring the Chamber is Clear

Safety comes first when handling any firearm. Remove the magazine from the AR-15 by pressing the magazine release button. Pull the charging handle to the rear and lock the bolt back. Look inside the chamber to make sure it's empty.

Double-check by inserting a finger into the chamber. If there's no round present, the rifle is clear. Keep the muzzle pointed in a safe direction throughout this process.

Separating the Upper and Lower Receivers

Locate the takedown pins at the front and rear of the lower receiver. Push these pins from left to right. They may be stiff, so use a small tool if needed. Once the pins are out, the upper receiver can be lifted away from the lower receiver.

This separation gives access to internal parts for cleaning. Handle both receivers carefully to avoid scratches or damage.

Disassembling the Bolt Carrier Group

Remove the bolt carrier group from the upper receiver. Pull the charging handle back slightly and lift out the bolt carrier. Take out the firing pin by pushing its retaining pin.

Next, remove the bolt cam pin. It's a large, T-shaped pin near the bolt head. Once removed, the bolt slides out of the carrier. Be careful not to lose small parts during this process.

Removing the Buffer and Buffer Tube

Press the buffer retainer pin down with a small tool. The buffer and spring will pop out slightly. Carefully remove them from the buffer tube. These parts are under tension, so grip them firmly.

The buffer and spring help absorb recoil when firing. Keep them together to avoid mix-ups during reassembly.

Taking Out the Charging Handle

With the upper receiver separated, the charging handle can be easily removed. Pull it back slightly and lift it out of its channel in the upper receiver.

The charging handle is used to load rounds into the chamber. It's a simple part but crucial for the rifle's operation. Inspect it for wear or damage during cleaning.

Cleaning the Upper Receiver

The upper receiver is a key part of the AR-15 that needs regular cleaning. This process involves cleaning the barrel, chamber, and outer surfaces to keep the rifle working well.

Cleaning the Barrel and Chamber

Start by using a chamber brush to clean the chamber. Dip the brush in solvent and scrub in a circular motion. This removes built-up carbon and debris. Next, use a cleaning rod with a patch soaked in solvent. Push it through the barrel from the chamber end.

Repeat this step with fresh patches until they come out clean. For stubborn fouling, use a bore brush attached to the cleaning rod. Move it back and forth through the barrel 10-15 times.

Scrubbing the Bore

After the initial cleaning, it's time to scrub the bore. Attach a bore brush to your cleaning rod. Dip it in solvent and push it through the barrel. Do this 10-15 times to remove any leftover fouling.

Follow up with clean patches until they come out spotless. Some shooters prefer using a bore snake for this step. It combines a brush and cloth in one tool.

Wiping Down the Upper Receiver

Clean the outside of the upper receiver with a cloth and solvent. Pay attention to all nooks and crannies. Use a small brush to reach tight spots.

Wipe down the charging handle and bolt carrier group if they're still attached. Make sure to clean the locking lugs and gas key. Dry all parts thoroughly with a clean cloth.

Apply a light coat of gun oil to prevent rust. Don't forget the forward assist and ejection port cover.

Cleaning the Lower Receiver

The lower receiver requires careful cleaning to ensure proper function. Focus on key areas like the trigger assembly, buffer tube, and internal surfaces.

Addressing the Trigger Assembly

Remove the trigger group from the lower receiver. Use a small brush dipped in gun cleaning solvent to clean around the trigger pins and springs. Wipe away carbon buildup carefully. Pay close attention to the hammer and disconnector.

Clean the fire control group parts individually. A cotton swab can reach tight spots. Dry all components thoroughly before reassembly.

Apply a light coat of gun oil to moving parts. This helps prevent rust and ensures smooth operation.

Cleaning the Buffer Assembly

Take out the buffer and spring from the buffer tube. Wipe the buffer with a cloth dampened with solvent. Clean inside the buffer tube with a bore brush.

Remove any debris or old lubricant from the buffer spring. Inspect for damage or weakening. Replace if needed.

Lightly oil the buffer and spring before reinserting. Make sure they move freely in the tube.

Inspecting and Wiping the Lower Receiver

Examine the lower receiver for cracks or damage. Clean all surfaces with solvent and a cloth. Use a nylon brush for stubborn dirt.

Pay special attention to the magazine well. Remove any debris that could cause feeding issues. Clean the bolt catch and magazine release button.

Wipe down the pistol grip and stock attachment point. Check for loose screws. Ensure the takedown pins move smoothly.

Apply a thin layer of oil to prevent rust. Avoid over-lubricating, as this can attract dirt.

Maintaining the Bolt Carrier Group

The bolt carrier group is a key part of an AR-15 that needs regular cleaning and care. Proper maintenance keeps the rifle working well and prevents problems.

Cleaning the Bolt Carrier

Remove the bolt carrier group from the rifle. Use a cleaning brush to scrub away carbon buildup inside the carrier. Pay close attention to the gas key and inside of the carrier.

Wipe down all surfaces with a clean cloth. Use a cotton swab to clean hard-to-reach spots.

Apply a light coat of gun oil to the outside of the carrier. Don't use too much oil, as it can attract dirt.

Scrubbing the Firing Pin

Take out the firing pin from the bolt carrier. Look for any damage or wear.

Use a brass brush to clean off carbon from the firing pin. Be gentle to avoid damaging it.

Wipe the firing pin with a cloth until it's clean and shiny. A light coat of oil helps protect it from rust.

Put the clean firing pin back in the bolt carrier.

Inspecting the Bolt Cam Pin

Remove the cam pin and check it for cracks or damage. Replace it if needed.

Clean the cam pin with a cloth and brush. Make sure it's free of dirt and debris.

Look at how the cam pin fits in the bolt carrier. It should move smoothly without being loose.

Apply a tiny amount of oil to the cam pin before putting it back.

Wiping Down the Bolt Carrier Components

Clean all other parts of the bolt carrier group. This includes the bolt, extractor, and ejector.

Use a brush to remove carbon from these parts. Pay extra attention to the bolt lugs and extractor spring.

Wipe everything down with a clean cloth. Check for any worn or broken pieces.

Use gun oil on moving parts, but don't overdo it. A thin layer is enough to keep things working smoothly.

Lubrication and Reassembly

Proper lubrication and careful reassembly are key steps in maintaining an AR-15. These processes help ensure smooth operation and prevent wear on parts.

Applying Gun Oil to Moving Parts

Apply a thin layer of gun oil to all moving parts. Focus on the bolt carrier group, trigger assembly, and pivot pins. Use a small brush or cloth to spread the oil evenly. Don't over-lubricate, as this can attract dirt. A light coating is enough to reduce friction and protect against rust. Wipe off any excess oil to prevent buildup.

Reassembling the Bolt Carrier Group

Start with the bolt. Insert the extractor and ejector. Add the firing pin and cam pin. Slide the bolt into the carrier. Make sure all parts move freely. Check that the gas rings are properly aligned. Insert the firing pin retaining pin to secure everything in place.

Connecting the Upper and Lower Receivers

Line up the front pivot pin of the lower receiver with the corresponding hole in the upper receiver. Push the pin through. Swing the upper down onto the lower. Insert the rear takedown pin. Check that both pins are fully seated and the receivers are firmly connected.

Installing the Buffer and Buffer Tube

Screw the buffer tube into the lower receiver. Make sure it's aligned correctly. Insert the buffer spring into the tube. Push the buffer in behind the spring. It should compress smoothly. Check that the buffer retaining pin holds the buffer in place when you release it.

Final Inspection and Function Check

Look over the whole rifle. Make sure all parts are in place and secure. Check that the safety selector switches properly. Pull the charging handle to ensure smooth operation. Press the bolt catch to verify it holds the bolt open. Release it to check if the bolt closes correctly. Perform a dry fire test with the rifle unloaded to confirm proper trigger function.

Post-Cleaning Maintenance

Proper care after cleaning keeps your AR-15 in top shape. Regular checks and smart storage help prevent issues down the road.

Storage and Handling After Cleaning

Store the clean AR-15 in a cool, dry place. Use a gun safe or locked cabinet if possible. A silicone-treated gun sock helps guard against moisture and dust.

Keep the rifle unloaded when stored. Remove the magazine and clear the chamber.

Handle the cleaned AR-15 carefully. Avoid touching the barrel or other metal parts with bare hands. Skin oils can lead to rust over time.

Use a light coat of gun oil on metal surfaces before storage. This adds extra protection against corrosion.

Routine Maintenance Checks

Check your AR-15 regularly, even when not in use. Look for signs of rust or wear every few weeks.

Inspect the bore and chamber. Use a bore light to spot any buildup or damage. Clean if needed.

Test the action. Make sure it moves smoothly without catching.

Check all screws and pins. Tighten any that have come loose.

Examine the magazine well and magazines. Clean out any dirt or debris.

Look over the sights or optics. Ensure they're securely attached and properly aligned.

Apply a small amount of gun lube to moving parts during checks. This keeps the action working smoothly.

Selecting the Right Cleaning Tools and Solvents

A Universal Cleaning Kit is a good starting point for AR-15 maintenance. It often includes essential items for basic cleaning tasks.

Solvents are key for breaking down carbon buildup and other residues. Choose a Gun Cleaning Solvent made for firearms to avoid damaging the gun's finish.

Cleaning Patches help apply solvent and remove dirt. Cotton patches work well for most cleaning needs.

A Cleaning Rod is used to push patches through the barrel. Pick a coated rod to prevent scratching the bore.

For quick cleaning, a Bore Snake can be handy. It combines a brush and cloth in one tool for faster maintenance.

Always have safety gear like gloves and eye protection when working with solvents.

Store cleaning supplies in a dedicated container away from food and drinks. This keeps them organized and prevents accidents.

Regular cleaning helps keep an AR-15 reliable. Use these tools after each shooting session for best results.